Summer Camp and the Child Tax Credit

This article has been edited and updated as of 8/5/22, which is important, because this credit changed between 2021 and 2022. It originally appeared in ArtFCity

http://artfcity.com/2017/07/25/summer-camp-a-break-for-taxes-and-parental-sanity/

I’m taking a summertime break from my normal Sunlight Tax duties in order to research and write new tax articles for you, and to direct the summer programming at “camp mom.” I will be showing up throughout the summer with more tips and advice on taxes and personal finance for creative economy workers. In the meantime, in honor of all the working artist parents out there, here’s a post on the tax credit that applies to summer camp.

As any parent of young kids knows, juggling work and childcare is hard. And paid childcare is impossibly expensive. Many budget-conscious artist parents who manage to fit their work into school time hours – and avoid babysitters and after school care – simply don’t have that option come summer. Here’s some good news. If you pay to send your child to summer camp so that you can go to work, that camp expense qualifies for the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit.

In March 2021, the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit was expanded. It allowed bigger dependent-care expenses, a higher percentage of them, and more taxpayers qualify to take the credit. While there was an attempt to extend this legislation to 2022 and beyond, the expansion did not pass, so the law has now reverted back to pre-2021 levels.

What is the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit? It’s a credit meant to help working parents with the cost of childcare. Depending on your income and how much you spend on childcare, the Child Tax Care Credit allows you to take up to 35 percent of your childcare expenses up to $3000 for one child or up to $6000 for 2 or more children as a tax credit. It applies to a host of scenarios and is relatively generous.

Because it’s a tax credit (rather than a deduction), it saves you a lot more money. Let’s review the basics of why a tax credit is better than a deduction: 

A tax deduction means that you may subtract the expense from your taxable income. So if you had $50,000 of income, and had a $1000 tax deduction, you would now have a taxable income of $49,000 ($50,000 income – $1000 deduction).  If you were taxed at the 25% rate, that means that your tax due would drop from $12,500 ($50,000 income x 25% tax rate) to $12,250 ($49,000 income x 25% tax rate). You save $250 ($12,500-$12,250). Deductions lower your taxes.

But compare that to a $1000 tax credit. A tax credit lowers your tax due (not just your taxable income) dollar for dollar. If you make the same $50,000 of taxable income, and are taxed at the same 25% rate, then your tax due is $12,500 ($50,000 income x 25% tax rate). A $1000 tax credit reduces your tax due to $11,500 ($12,500 tax due – $1000 tax credit). So the $1000 tax deduction saves you $250, but the $1000 tax credit saves you $1000. That’s a much bigger impact.

There’s one more wrinkle, which is that some tax credits are “refundable.” When you have a fully refundable tax credit (the Earned Income Tax Credit is one of these), if your tax credit reduces your tax liability past zero, the government will actually send you a refund. In other words, if you owe zero dollars in tax, and you get a $1000 tax credit, you will get $1000 back from the IRS in the form of a refund. A non-refundable tax credit can reduce your tax due down to zero, but if it goes past zero, you lose the rest. The Child Tax Care Credit is a fully refundable tax credit for people who lived in the US for at least half the year (and it is a non-refundable credit otherwise). (There are endless details in tax, no?). 

To take the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit for your kid’s summer camp expenses (or regular school-year childcare), here’s what you need to know:

• The credit is based on the first $3000 of camp/care expense for your first child, or on your first $6000 for two or more children. If you spend more than that (and if you’re like me and many other working parents, you probably will), you aren’t going to get any additional benefit. This limit is a combined total – so it’s fine to add up multiple camps, or camp plus a school-year afterschool program, babysitter, or regular full- or part-time childcare.

• If your household income is less than $15,000, you qualify for the maximum credit of 35% of your expenses up to $3,000 for one dependent or $6000 for two or more, which is a $1,050 credit for one child or $2,100 for two or more.

• Taxpayers with income between $45,000 and $438,000 can get up to 20% of eligible expenses as a credit for a maximum of $600 for one child or $1,200 for tow or more.

• It is only for children under age 13, or dependents of any age who can’t care for themselves (such as an infirm/disabled parent or adult child under your care)

• Although I’m writing about this credit in the context of summer camp, you should know that all of these kinds of care qualify for the credit:

  • Day care

  • After school care

  • Babysitters (provided the babysitter isn’t your spouse or your child/stepchild or anyone that you claim as a dependent on your tax return). Note that this is only for babysitting that allows you to go to work or look for work – date night doesn’t qualify.

  • In-home assistance for a member of your family unable to care for himself, including a spouse.

These kinds of expense don’t qualify:

• Tutoring

• Private kindergarten or private grade school

• Overnight camp

And this is what you will need to get the credit:

• You need to record the name, address, and taxpayer ID number (a social security number or TIN for an individual or an employer ID number [EIN] for a business) of the care provider on your tax forms. You will need to ask the camp (or babysitter) for this info.

• You must be paying for the summer camp (or other care) so that you can work, or look for work. You also qualify for the credit if you are a full-time student for 5 months or more of the tax year. Both spouses must earn income (or be a full time student or looking for work) in order to take the credit. Unemployment income does not count as earned income for the purposes of this credit.

• If you’re married, you must file a joint tax return (unless you’re legally separated). This credit is not available for people married filing separately.

• Income under $438,000 if you are married filing jointly.

The Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit is a comprehensive and helpful tax credit. Take advantage of it. And enjoy your summer.

DISCLAIMER: True tax advice is a two-way conversation, and your accountant needs to hear your full situation to apply the rules correctly in your case. This post is meant for general information only. Please don’t act on this alone.

Bio: Hannah Cole is an artist and Enrolled Agent. She is the founder of Sunlight Tax.

Startist Interview: Profit Motive, Marketing, and Tax Tips for Artists

Is your art a business or a hobby?

Hannah talks with Laura Griffin and Nikki May of Startist Society about her roots as an artist and about establishing a profit motive for your art business. She chats about empowerment for artists and how she got started in accounting after some bad experiences she had as an artist.

What should you use to track expenses? How and what expenses are deductible? Can donated artwork be deducted? Do I need to collect sales tax? Find out the answers in this podcast interview relevant to creative freelancers in the US.

Hannah discusses what things in nature and the outside world inspire her as an artist and how to slow down to look at things that most people don’t notice. How does she choose what she paints in her art practice?

They talk about using your left brain vs. right brain and balancing art and your business practice. Hannah goes into depth about how to show the IRS that your art is a business and not a hobby. They discuss how to show a profit motive through your activities and record-keeping—even if your business is not yet generating a profit.

Hannah gives specific information about tracking business expenses and receipts with examples that pertain to creative people. She also discusses how LLCs are legal and not a tax entities. They explore how to prevent tax audits and common deductible expenses, including details about mileage, business meals, donations, etc.

Money Bootcamp is an annual membership for creators to get you set up right and tracking all the right things without wasting your time. You'll have more time for creative pursuits when you stop worrying about your finances and money.

What’s in the $1.9 Trillion stimulus plan?

Photo by BarBus via Pixabay

The American Rescue Plan, Biden’s $1.9 Stimulus Bill, will be an enormous boost to the US economy. Here’s a brief rundown of the items most likely to affect freelancers.

Stimulus payments:

New $1400 stimulus payments will go out per person on the return. This means that children and other dependents will get the full $1400 each, in addition to the taxpayers. Households with income under $150,000 (married filing jointly) and individuals with income under $75,000 will receive the full benefit. Households with income between 160,000 and 150,000 will get a reduced payment, as will individuals with income between $75,000 and $80,000. 

Unemployment:

Unemployment benefits have been expanded by an extra $300/week, and extended to September 6. In addition, unemployment benefits from 2020 will not be taxable up to $10,200 per person ($20,400 in a married filing joint couple). This benefit is retroactive, meaning that it will take effect on your 2020 tax return. If you have already filed your 2020 return, the IRS will do the calculation for you and send you a refund of the taxes you paid on your 2020 unemployment. Do NOT file an amended return. 

Money for families with children:

The American Rescue Plan will help families enormously. For 2021, the Child Tax Credit will be expanded from $2000 per child to $3600 per child under 6, and $3000 per child age 6-17. Notably, taxpayers will not need to wait until tax time to claim the credit. Payments will be sent directly to families in monthly installments starting in July 2021. These payments will go to married-filing-joint families earning under $150,000, heads of household earning under $112,500, and married-filing-separate families earning under $75,000. You may calculate your credit using a choice of either your 2019 or your 2020 income - whichever gets you the bigger credit.

The dependent care credit is enhanced for 2021. It will increase to $8,000 for 1 child or $16,000 for 2 or more children. The credit is for 50% of the costs of childcare, which include (as always) babysitters and summer camps so that the parent(s) can work. This means that the maximum credit will be $4000 for one child or $8000 for 2 or more (that is 50% x the cost of care up to $8000 for one child or $16,000 for two). The credit phases out starting at household income of $125,000 (married filing joint), to a reduced benefit of 20% of costs, but a reduced credit amount is still available for families with income up to $400,000.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit will be increased 15% through September. And K-12 schools will receive over $120 billion in additional funding.

Earned income tax credit (EITC) expansion:

The Earned income tax credit is expanded. It will now include several groups who were not previously eligible:

• Age 19 if not a student

• Age 24 if a student

• Age 18 if an eligible foster child

• The age 65 upper limit for the EITC is repealed

Whereas the EITC in its original form was targeted primarily at working families with children, the EITC formula is now enhanced for single people with no children.  As with the child tax credit, you may calculate your credit based on 2019 or 2020 income; whichever provides you the bigger credit.

Teacher deduction:

The $250 deduction that K-12 teachers currently receive for classroom supplies paid for out of pocket has been expanded to include the purchase of PPE/sanitizer. The deduction amount remains $250.

Student Loans: 

The bill does not provide forgiveness for student loans, as many had hoped. However, any student loans forgiven between 2021-2025 will be tax free. This is a benefit, because forgiveness of debt would normally be considered taxable income.

Healthcare:

For those who have lost a job or had hours cut, the government will cover the full cost of COBRA health coverage through the former employer from April 1 through September 30th.

If you bought health insurance through a government exchange, the cost has been lowered to no more than 8.5% of your total income. This will be automatically applied--so there is no need to take additional action. 

For those who would consider buying marketplace health insurance if the prices were more affordable, the open enrollment date has been extended through May 15. You may also use the open enrollment period to switch from your current plan to a lower-priced plan.

Premium tax credits--the advanced payments made to taxpayers that subsidize the cost of their marketplace health insurance--are affected by the law, too. Normally, taxpayers are only eligible for premium tax credits if they have income between 100% and 400% of the Federal poverty level. For 2021, that cap is removed, making more people eligible for premium tax credits. Additionally, under normal circumstances, a taxpayer whose income rises above 400% of the poverty level has to pay back some or all of their advanced credits. For 2020 taxes, this payback will be forgiven altogether. And lastly, if unemployment income raised your income level above the threshold to qualify for premium tax credit health care subsidies, it will not be counted as income in consideration of the premium tax credit. 

Grants for Restaurants:

There is a new $30 Billion grant program called the Restaurant Revitalization Grant program. This will give money to struggling restaurant and food service businesses, with $5 Billion earmarked for businesses with gross receipts under $500,000. To check your eligibility and application requirements, see the Small Business Administration website for details and the latest updates.

All in all, the Biden stimulus bill, the American Rescue Plan, will put money in the pockets of the people in the US who need it most. It takes a big step toward a guaranteed income for families with children, lowers healthcare costs, and knits up some of the holes in our social safety net.

Unemployment Tax Savings from the 2021 Stimulus Bill

If you or your spouse collected unemployment in 2020, you need to watch this video!

Photo by Nataliya Vaitkevich from Pexels

President Biden recently signed the American Rescue Plan into law, and it has some very exciting provisions for people who collected unemployment during 2020. Hannah Cole of Sunlight Tax created the following short video to give you the latest information about how the new law will apply to unemployment income.

Hannah goes through specific information about the unemployment taxes affected by this retroactive legislation. Hannah covers what you need to know about filing, whether you have already filed your 2020 taxes or whether you have not filed yet. She goes through a few scenarios to show how much you can save depending on your current tax rate and whether more than one person in your household was collecting unemployment last year.

Here’s what Hannah has to say:

What the tax savings is on $10,200 of unemployment income (thanks Democrats!), and a shoutout to those of you who called, texted & knocked to get out the vote--you had a hand in this tax bill that will lift 50% of American children out of poverty and take a meaningful step towards guaranteed income for families with children. You made a difference. Americans (of all parties) will benefit from your work! Thank you!!!❤️🇺🇸

Watch the blog for a longer post about the entire stimulus bill coming soon!

How Can Freelancers Benefit from New Tax Laws?

Hannah’s short interview on BPR Radio

Image via StartupStockPhotos on Pixabay

Hannah Cole had an interview with Matt Peiken of Blue Ridge Public Radio in North Carolina last week. She discussed the new tax laws and some of the areas where artists and other freelancers can benefit from them, like sick and family leave credits.

Although she talked to Matt for about an hour, the broadcast only contained a short clip. You can listen to Hannah and read about the tax law changes in her discussion with Matt in the article on the BPR website.

If you missed the live Shuttered Venue Operators Grants webinar mentioned in the article, click here to sign up to get the replay video.

What Do Arts Organizations Need to Know About the Federal Shuttered Venue Operators Grant?

Congress earmarked $15 billion in grants for performing arts venue operators impacted by the pandemic and here’s what you need to know.

On December 27, 2020, a congressional stimulus bill that was passed and signed into law by then President Trump had several provisions to help US residents through the COVID-19 crisis. Among these are additional stimulus payments, enhanced and extended Federal unemployment benefits, additional Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) money, simplified PPP forgiveness rules, an extension of the temporary charitable contribution deduction for taxpayers who take the standard deduction, and a doubling of the business meals deduction from 50% deductible to 100% deductible for the years 2021 and 2022 so long as the meal is purchased from a restaurant. (Takeout meals are okay.) These provisions should provide some help to all of us as we continue to weather the economic crisis.

But one item in the bill will specifically help people in the arts. Congress earmarked $15 billion in grants for arts venue operators whose income decreased due to the pandemic crisis. The money is meant to help these organizations weather the rest of the crisis, with priority given to the hardest-hit venues, and $2 Billion set aside for smaller, so called, “main street” venues. The funding is targeted primarily towards live venue operators, movie theaters, talent representatives, and live performing arts organizations. Museums (including zoos and aquariums) are eligible with some additional restrictions.

So, what do these grants look like? The Shuttered Venue Operators (SVO) Grant money, which will be administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA), provides grants of up to 45% of the organizations’ gross earned revenue (or $10 million, whichever is less). …read more…

This article first appeared on Hyperallergic on February 23, 2021.

Translating the New Tax Bill for Small Businesses

“Am I going to benefit from the new business deduction?”

“Do I need to incorporate to take advantage of it?”

These are questions I’m hearing a lot since the passage of the massive new tax bill. Much of the worry centers around some misconceptions. So, I’d like to outline what’s in the new provision, who it affects, and why you likely don’t need to change a thing to benefit.

The most important outcome of the new tax law (officially the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or TCJA) was to give a large, permanent tax cut to corporations. The corporate tax rate went from 35% to 21%. Those numbers are a little deceptive, because most US corporations don’t pay nearly that rate once you factor in tax credits and loopholes. A 2016 U.S. Government Accountability Office study found that between 67% and 72% of all active US Corporations between 2006 and 2012 had no tax liability after credits. In fact, the effective corporate tax rate (a much more meaningful number) is closer to 15%. But despite the fact that most corporations don’t pay anything close to the corporate tax rate, the point of the TCJA was largely to cut that rate.

But most businesses in the US are small businesses, not large corporations. In fact, 30.2 million businesses (or 99.9% of US businesses) are small businesses, according to a government-sponsored  2018 US Small Business Administration report. About half the private workforce in the US is employed by small businesses, and more than a quarter of the small businesses are minority-owned. However, the big corporate tax cut rate did not help these businesses at all. So rightfully, Congress introduced a provision into the TCJA to create a little more parity, called the deduction for Qualified Business Income (QBI) (also known as Section 199A). This provision, unlike the corporate tax cuts, is strictly for businesses known as “pass-through entities.” (More on that in a moment.)

But first, here’s what it does: …read more…

Set up For Your Best Year Ever: A Tax Day How-To

Here we are at Tax Day. Your taxes are filed. (They aren’t? Here’s an IRS extension form – postmark it today. You’ll need one for your state, too.)

Last year you vowed to get your stuff in order. Then suddenly the tax deadline was upon you, and you scrambled through the process, and weren’t as careful as you intended to be. You suspected you should have been paying estimated quarterly taxes all year, but didn’t, and now your tax bill is surprisingly high.

You meant to set some money aside in a retirement account, but that shocking tax bill meant you didn’t have any cash to do it.

You suspect that there were deductions you missed.

If you’re being honest, your books were a mess (if you’re thinking “I need to keep books?” go back and read this.)

Now that the time pressure is off, let’s take a look at how you can make this year better. Plus some discounts on apps that can help you.  Read more...

The SEP IRA: A Lovesong

We freelancers pay a lot of tax. We don’t just pay an income tax rate of anywhere from 0 to 39% on our freelance income – we also pay a flat 15.3% self-employment tax, no matter what our income bracket. Without tax planning, this can be a huge bite.

As artists and cultural workers, our freelancer tax strategy is generally to reduce the amount of our taxable self-employment income as much as legally possible. Tax planning is hard, because it’s about saving small bits in many places. There are few silver bullets. But the closest thing there is to a silver bullet is tax-sheltered retirement savings. Read full article

Rent Too Damn High? Deduct Your Home Studio.

One of the best tax breaks out there is the home office (or home studio) deduction. In tax terms, this essentially turns a portion of your nondeductible personal expenses (your home) into deductible business expenses (a workplace). A lot of people are confused about the rules, and some people are scared to take the deduction at all because they’ve heard that it can be a red flag to the IRS. As long as you are following the rules correctly, there is nothing wrong with taking the deduction. And it’s a big one! So here is some help.

First, when can you claim a home office/home studio?

You have to use it both exclusively and regularly.

Exclusive use means that the space is a dedicated workspace – no kids watching TV in there after hours, no guests staying there. There is no wiggle room on this part.  read full article

Tax Shelters for the Working Artist

What is a tax shelter?

The term “tax shelter” may conjure offshore accounts and shell companies, but in fact it is just a way of reducing your taxable income. Abusive tax shelters are illegal, but there are many legal ones that are actually set up by the US government to encourage Americans to set aside money for important things, like health care, child care, college, and retirement. I want to discuss a subset of these tax shelters, the Flexible Spending Accounts (FSAs) and the Healthcare Savings Accounts (HSAs) which came up in my previous piece on artist taxes. These accounts allow you to set aside up to a certain dollar amount tax-free to pay for qualified expenses. What you set aside gets subtracted from your taxable income, reducing your overall tax liability. Many of these programs have open enrollment periods in November, so just in time, here is a primer on this group of tax shelters for the working artist.

read more...